Effective Literacy Strategies for English Language Learners

Introduction English Language Learners (hereafter referred to as ELLs) currently comprise 10% of the total school population in the United States (National Center for Education Statistics, 2005). It is a population that is going to continue to increase in American public education and their specific needs for learning literacy are of great importance to teachers. Since schools and teachers are increasingly judged based upon the academic achievement of students, then the success of the growing population of ELLs is going to be increasingly important. In the present paper the role of the teacher and specific research-based literacy strategies for ELLs is investigated. Teacher’s role In a research article by Yoon (2007), the question†¦show more content†¦She did this based on a belief that it would help ELLs and non-ELLs alike. The students in the second class reported that classmates were â€Å"friendly and nice† and the teacher â€Å"likes other cultures.† The results of this study indicate the very important role that a teacher plays in creating and modeling an atmosphere where ELLs are accepted, encouraged and participatory in a learning community. Next, the topic of Primary Discourse was investigated in a research article by Mays (2008). Mays articulates that the discourse, or language used in the curriculums and assessments, is so different from the primary discourse that young learners have been exposed to, that minority and ELL students are overrepresented in â€Å"at-risk,† â€Å"developmentally delayed,† and â€Å"not ready to learn† groups. Being put in these groups puts that at a d isadvantage in acquiring literacy skills. Mays cited â€Å"Discourses (capital â€Å"D†) are ways of combining and coordinating words, deeds, thoughts, values, bodies, objects, tools, and technologies, and other people (at the appropriate time and places) so as to enact and recognize the specific socially situated identities and activities. (Gee, 2001, p.71) Many teachers use curriculums that were designed from a â€Å"white, middle class, ‘mainstream’ model† and this creates challenges for ELLs from diverse backgrounds to achieve success. The role of the teacher becomes essential and powerful in thisShow MoreRelatedUsing Online Literacy Software Programs1562 Words   |  7 Pagesto focus his action research on the following question: Will the ELLs improve their comprehension skills of expository texts by focusing most of their practices on vocabulary development through the use of online literacy software programs? Review of the Literature English language learners (ELLs) represent a rapidly expanding population in U.S. schools. As the ethnic composition of the United States continues to increase, the prospect that more educators will work with a diverse student populationRead MoreThe Increasing Number Of English Language Learners3584 Words   |  15 PagesAbstract The increasing number of English language learners has triggered great attention on how to teach academic content and literacy to English language learners in elementary and middle school classrooms. This article takes four instructions into account aiming at school practitioners involving vocabulary, writing, reading and collaborative conversation. Also, the paper addresses the importance of using responsive literacy instructions for English language learners with learning disabilities. AdditionallyRead MoreAssessment of English Language Learners1489 Words   |  6 PagesAssessment of English Language Learners Alisha C. Green Grand Canyon University: ESL 533N Advanced Methodologies of Structured English Instruction December 12, 2012 Abstract Assessments are a critical tool in monitoring the progress of English language learners at all grade levels. The main purpose of assessments is to ensure students are receiving quality teaching instruction in accordance to academic and content standards. Even though these tests are not the only resource used for testing studentsRead MoreLiteracy Learning Of A Child s Schooling Essay1685 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment 1 - Literacy Learning in My Classroom Literacy is one the most fundamental learning areas of a child’s schooling, which is crucial to a child’s development, and is the key indicator in becoming successful within society. Literacy according to the Ministry of Education, 2003, is defined as â€Å"the ability to understand, respond to, and use those forms of written language that are required by society and valued by individuals and communities.† (pg.19) This definition clearly highlights theRead MoreWhat Is The Relationship Between Parental Involvement And The Acquisition Of Literacy?968 Words   |  4 Pagesacquisition of literacy and the necessity of supporting parents in their roles. This is evident by the various literacy based programs which incorporate parents that have been initiated. Schools have implemented English as a Second Language Family Night (Teaching English, Building Community, 2012), Madre a Madre Parent Programs (Mitchell, 2016), Parent Partnership for Achieving Literacy Program (P ALS) (Colombo, 2006), Global Book Hour (Truesdell del Prado Hill, 2015), and Home Literacy Bags (BarbourRead MorePhonemic : Phonemic Awareness And Phonics1400 Words   |  6 Pagesability to make those sounds. Young learners who acquire this ability are able to hear rhyming words and blend them together. Moreover, phonemic awareness is grounded in oral language and serves as the foundation for reading development, and research suggests that phonemic awareness is the single strongest indicator of a child’s success at learning to read. Alternatively, phonics is the relationship between letter sounds and symbols, and early literacy learners must acquire this ability to recognizeRead MoreData Analysis Essay1330 Words   |  6 Pagesfor instructional improvement on strategies to address the needs of English language learners it is apparent. Improving literacy skills is critical in decreasing achievements gaps of this subgroup. As mentioned previously, Pinewood maintains a scho ol grade of a B; nevertheless, a focus on strategies to meet the needs of ELL students will benefit all students. With effort from all stakeholders, a focus on instructional strategies to improve learning of English learners could result in decreasing theRead MoreBecoming a Reflective Teacher of English 1553 Words   |  7 PagesAs I reflect on my initial blog entry (see Appendix A), I realise that my understanding of literacy has developed expeditiously, from a simplistic view into a multi-faceted outlook that underpins learning throughout the curriculum. Although I had indicated an awareness of the interrelationship of speaking and listening, reading and writing (SLWR), I did not conduct in depth analysis that considers these elements specifically with the process of learning. This essay will discuss how my understandingRead MoreQuestioning the Effectiveness and Quality of Billingual Education1460 Words   |  6 Pagesensure that limited English language proficient (LEP) student s acquire the basic academic and language skills necessary to succeed in school and beyond. All of these features and techniques are also incorporated in the components of the Sheltered Instruction Observational Protocol (SIOP) standards for bilingual and second language instructional excellence (Echevarria, Vogt, Short 2012). Sheltered instruction is a specific method for helping students develop in their second language regardless of theRead MoreEffective Instruction For English Learners1414 Words   |  6 Pagesone: Effective Instruction for English Learners Calderon, Slavin and Sanchez (2011) in their article â€Å"Effective Instruction for English Learners† consider the problem of students who are non English speakers and come to live in the USA for several reasons such as immigrants. The U.S government requires every school that has more than 5 percent non-English speakers to provide these with specialized programs. The authors go to explain useful instructions for teaching students English Language. They

The Color Purple By Alice Walker - 862 Words

In the novel The Color Purple, Alice Walker uses men to push Celie to the attraction and affection of women. Celie’s abused by the two men in her life that should protect her, her stepfather and husband. Celie’s used to being victimized by men that she clings onto women because they provide her with a sense of being and motivation. The sexual and physical abuse that Celie encountered pushed her to the attraction and affection of Shug Avery. Everything that the men lack to give Celie, Shug have given her, such as a reason to smile, instructions on how to please her body, and security. â€Å"You gonna do what your mammy wouldn’t.† â€Å"He start to choke me, saying You better shut up and git used to it† (3). This scene consists of a vulgar sexual encounter occurring between Celie and her stepfather. This opening scene informs the reader to look forward to a depressing story about Celie an abused teenager, forced to have sex with her stepfather because her mother’s too sick to provide care of his sexual needs. Her stepfather constantly rapes her and she becomes pregnant twice. Celie’s fears that her stepfather will rape her little sister so she lays down and let him rape her. Celie’s abusive stepfather’s the first male that had her seeking the affection and attraction of women. Celie’s weak minded until Shug Avery gives her a sense of being. â€Å"And now when I dream, I dream of Shug Avery† (8). She’s infatuated with Shug Avery after she sees a picture of her, falling in love with Shug theShow MoreRelatedThe Color Purple By Alice Walker1355 Words   |  6 PagesDecember, 2015 Just A Single Purple Wildflower In A Field Of Weeds Alice walker once said, â€Å"No person is your friend (or kin) who demands your silence, or denies your right to grow and be perceived as fully blossomed as you were intended. Or who belittles in any fashion the gifts you labor so to bring into the world.† The color purple has timelessly been used to convey pictures of power and ambition, it is also associated with the feeling of independence. The Color Purple is the story of the constantRead MoreThe Color Purple By Alice Walker710 Words   |  3 PagesThe Series of unfortunate events in The Color Purple The Color Purple by Alice Walker starts off with a rather graphic view of a young black woman denominated as Celie. Celie has to learn how to survive her abusive past. She also has to figure out a way she can release her past in search of the true meaning of love. Alice walker wrote this book as an epistolary novel to further emphasize Celie`s life events. From the beginning of the novel Alice Walker swiftly establishes an intimate contact withRead MoreThe Color Purple by Alice Walker1192 Words   |  5 Pagesas a novel containing graphic violence, sexuality, chauvinism, and racism, The Color Purple was banned in numerous schools across the United States. Crude language, brutality, and explicit detail chronicle the life of Celie, a young black woman exposed to southern society’s harshness. While immoral, the events and issues discussed in Alice Walker’s The Color Purple remain pervasive in today’s society. The Color Purple epitomizes the hardships that African A mericans faced at the turn of the centuryRead MoreThe Color Purple by Alice Walker675 Words   |  3 Pagesthe world exist for their own reasons. They were not made for humans any more than black people were made for white, or women created for men.† Straight from the mouth of Alice Walker this quote was spoken in order to point out that fact that none of God’s creatures were put on this Earth to be someone else’s property. Alice Walker is an African-American novelist and poet who took part in the 1960’s civil rights movement in Mississippi. Walkers creative vision was sparked by the financial sufferingRead MoreThe Color Purple by Alice Walker921 Words   |  4 PagesAlice Walker’s realistic novel, The Color Purple revolves around many concerns that both African American men and women faced in an era, where numerous concerns of discrimination were raised. Religious and gender issues are confronted by the main characters which drive the plot and pa int a clear image of what life may possibly have been like inside an African American home. Difficulties were faced by each and every character specifically Celie and Nettie who suffered heavy discrimination throughoutRead MoreThe Color Purple By Alice Walker1540 Words   |  7 Pages Alice Walker is an award winning   author, most famously recognized for her novel   The Color Purple ;aside from being a novelist Walker is also a poet,essayist and activist .Her writing explores various social aspects as it concerns women and also celebrates political as well as social revolution. Walker has gained the reputation of being a prominent spokesperson and a symbolic figure for black feminism. Proper analyzation   of Walker s work comes from the   knowledge on her early life, educationalRead MoreThe Color Purple By Alice Walker3360 Words   |  14 Pagesâ€Å"Womanist is to feminist as purple is to lavender† (Yahwon). Alice Walker views herself as a womanist. Although a womanist and feminist are similar, the two terms are not exactly the same. According to Professor Tamara Baeouboeuf-Lafonant: [Womanism] focuses on the experiences and knowledge bases of black women [which] recognizes and interrogates the social realities of slavery, segregation, sexism, and economic exploitation this group has experienced during its history in the United States. FurthermoreRead MoreThe Color Purple by Alice Walker1100 Words   |  5 PagesThe Color Purple by Alice Walker is a story written in 1982 that is about the life struggles of a young African American woman named Celie. The novel takes the reader through several main topics including the poor treatment of African American women, domestic abuse, family relationships, and also religion. The story takes place mostly in rural Georgia in the early 1900’s and demonstrates the difficult life of sharecropper families. Specifically how life was endured from the perspective of an AfricanRead MoreThe Color Purple by Alice Walker926 Words   |  4 PagesThe award-winning novel, â€Å"The Color Purple† by Alice Walker, is a story about a woman going through cruel things such as: incest, rape, and physical abuse. This greatly written novel comes from a very active feminist author who used many of her own experiences, as well as things that were happening during that era, in her writing. â€Å"The Color Purple† takes place in the early 1900s, and symbolizes the economic, emotional, and social deprivation that African American women faced in Southern statesRead MoreThe Color Purple By Alice Walker1495 Words   |  6 PagesThe Color Purple, is a novel written by the American author Alice Walker. The novel won the 1983 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction and is also regarded to be her most successful piece of work. It has developed into an award winning film and was recently made into a Broadway play. The story continues to impress readers throughout the decades due to its brutal honesty. The novel successfully and truthfully demonstrates what life was like for black women during the early twentieth century. The book discusses

Bis 220 Week 1 Paper Free Essays

An act of legislature that declares, proscribes, or commands something; a specific law, expressed in writing. (thefreedicitionary. com) The Do Not Call Implementation Act of 2003 and The Fair Credit Reporting Act, 1970 both fall under this definition. We will write a custom essay sample on Bis 220 Week 1 Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Do Not Call Implementation Act , 2003, authorized the Federal Trade Commission to collect fees for the implementation and enforcement of a â€Å"do-not-call† registry and for other purposes. The Fair Reporting Act of 1970 controls the collection, use, and redistribution of your consumer information (Stroup, About. om). These rules or acts come into existence for a number of reasons, some are even ethical in nature. But it is said when you create a lot of rules you create a lot of rule breakers. So lets take a look at what brought The Do Not Call Implementation Act, 2003 was promulgated. This Do Not Call Implementation Act of 2003 was to help get a fee for telemarketers or businesses who wanted to make calls to people who didn’t have their name on the do not call list and to enforce provisions to the â€Å"do not call† registry. As stated earlier rules create rule breakers and people were not following the Telemarketing Sale Rule. So the rules have to constantly be updated because people are trying to figure out how to get around the rule. This rule came about because consumers just wanted to be left alone when at home and not be bothered with annoying phone calls from telemarketers while in the middle of eating dinner. They don’t want a credit card company calling trying to extend credit in the middle of the afternoon while their home school child is taking a nap. Which leads us to The Fair Credit Reporting Act, 1970. The Fair Credit Reporting Act, 1970 was brought into play to help the banks and the consumer. As stated above it controls the collection, use, and redistribution of consumer information (Stroup, about. com). In order to keep the banking system running strong and not putting out bad information on consumer. The act has rules and guidelines for companies that report consumer credit. If the banks have bad information on a consumer and gives the consumer a loan then that can be a problem for the bank or the consumer. But if all reporting stays with in the guidelines of the act then the chances are the information will be good and the right decision will be made in lending. The problem is the bank will have good information in some cases, but the consumer has another consumers information and uses it for themselves. These are the types of unethical things that people do, which has a snowball effect. Because it hurts the banks, making it harder for them to get money from the Federal Reserve, which in turn tightens up the lending criteria of the banks, thus making it difficult for consumers to get the things they need. But when you create rules, you create rule breakers. So although the two acts help the FTC govern the different areas that the acts cover. They still have their pros and cons, some which we discussed above, and others that we did not. But my belief is â€Å"get rid of some of the rules, get rid of the rule breakers. Resources Govtrack. us, H. R 395 (108th): Do Not Call Implementation Act Jack Stroup, About. com Guide: The Fair Credit Reporting Act of 1970 How to cite Bis 220 Week 1 Paper, Essay examples

Quantum Mechanics free essay sample

Throughout the years the Quantum Mechanic model has evolved many times. This evolution has taken place after every major discovery in Quantum Mechanics. The current Quantum mechanic model is by far the most accurate example of an atom and how it works. Currently the model depicts a proton (or more than one depending on the atom) and neutron in the nucleus and a an electron rotating around the nucleus in an energy level, or an estimated path of the electron. The first person to purpose the existence of atoms was Democritus. Democritus’ had the right idea however the details of his original theory were not quite right. Democritus believed there was a select few elements and the ratio between these elements made up matter. It was free thinking individuals like this that led to the discovery of several theories that aloud atoms to be tested. Francois Bacon was one of those individuals. He saw a need for organization in the scientific community. His answer to this was the scientific method. The scientific method was a list of steps that helped organize experiments. Antoine Lavoisier was a French nobleman that had made a hobby of chemistry. However because of this bored tax collector with a passion we were able to accurately test countless theories. Lavoisier created the â€Å"Law of Conservation of Matter,† which stated that no matter could be created or destroyed. This Law caused a flurry of questions, were did this come from and where did that go became a question in every experiment. Robert Boyle now armed with new scientific knowledge began to concentrate on gases. Boyle declared in 1662 that, â€Å"For a fixed amount of gas kept at a fixed temperature, P and V are inversely proportional. † After Boyle many followed in the study of gases. Two scientists who chose to study this were Amedeo Avogadro and Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac. Amedeo Avogadro had hypothesized that Equal volumes of gases, at the same temperature and pressure, contain the same number of particles, or molecules (this was found true in 1811). Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac decided to compare and observe temperature in relation to pressure. Through his experiments he proposed, â€Å"At constant pressure, the volume of a given mass of an ideal gas increases or decreases by the same factor as its temperature (in kelvin) increases or decreases. These three laws allowed for an in depth observation of compounds and mixtures. Joseph Proust took notice of all the experiments conducted by his peers, and observed their conclusion which led him to the discovery of the law of definite proportions. This law states that all compounds contain the same ratio of elements. The law of definite proportions gave a perfect base for John Dalton to begin his atomic theory. Joseph Dalto n established a series of rules that elements and there atoms followed. Several of these rules were already accepted in the scientific community however Dalton was the first to list them. This list was known as the Atomic Theory, and it states: All atoms of a given element are identical Elements are made of tiny particles called atoms. The atoms of a given element are different from those of any other element. Atoms of one element can combine with atoms of other elements to form compounds. A given compound always has the same relative numbers of types of atoms. Atoms cannot be created, divided into smaller particles, nor destroyed in the chemical process. A chemical reaction simply changes the way atoms are grouped together. The atomic theory though mostly true had an additional statement that proved to be false. This kept the atomic theory from being embraced for several years. Even though some of his ideas proved to be a little incorrect he paved the way for people such as J. J. Thomson, James Chadwick, and Ernest Rutherford to further investigate the atom. However before they had a chance to further investigate the atom a scientist by the name of Benjamin Franklin decided to do possibly the most famous scientific experiment of all time. The famous kite experiment is still debated however it did prove the existence of static electricity. Static electricity is the rapid expulsion of recently acquired negatively or positively charged ions. Ben Franklin’s kite experiment As scientists discovered more and more details about atoms they eventually wanted to break down the atom into its smallest particles. The first person to do this was J. J. Thomson. Thomson discovered the electron through his work with the cathode ray. A Cathode Ray was a device that used an evacuated glass tube with electrode at both ends, these electrodes had opposing charges. A beam of negatively charged particles flowed between the two electrodes. Thomson discovered this and called the negative particles electrons. Cathode Ray This breakthrough discovery of the electron caused uproar in atomic physics. Several scientists started experimenting and testing the electron. One of those scientists was Robert Andrews Millikan. Using an experiment involving oil-droplets Millikan found the charge of a single electron. However a scientist by the name of Felix Ehrenhaft published contradictory results. After improving his experiment Millikan’s original answer was proven correct . Ernest Rutherford was an intelligent son of a farmer. Because, of his work ethic and success in school he won a scholarship to Cambridge university. While studying in Cambridge he met J. J. Thomson who convinced him to start a career in observing and researching atoms. He discovered the nucleus and discovered it was the only part of the atom with mass and that it had a positive charge. In 1907 while experimenting with radioactivity Rutherford isolated a positive particle, he had discovered the proton. James Chadwick worked under Rutherford and was also studying radiation. However when observing the atomic mass of elements he noticed it was much higher than the elements atomic number. Sense the electron has no mass he hypothesized that there was a neutrally charged particle that contained mass. He was correct and named the particle a neutron. After each part of the atom was identified the problem of the atoms structure was called into the equation. Neils Bohr decided to focus his time on this problem. Rutherford had already illustrated an atomic model however it had a serious problem. His structure had the electron rotating around the nucleus however if this were true the electron would lose energy and eventually collide into the nucleus. Bohr decided by adding energy levels for the electrons to transfer to it fixes the basic physics problems. During the discussions of the atomic model the word quantum mechanics started being used. Quantum Mechanics means the study of radiation and matter. The main founders of quantum mechanics are Werner Heisenberg, Niels Bohr, and Wolfgang Pauli. Werner Heisenberg was head of the German Nuclear power program and was incredibly close to a nuclear bomb if it weren’t for a math error in 1940 causing him to believe nuclear fission was impossible. Wolfgang Pauli had a break through with his Pauli exclusion principle. This principle discussed how matter occupies space exclusively. All these scientific evolutions have given us some answers as to how we function on an atomic level. However some will say we haven’t even scratch the surface due to the fact the smallest particle we’ve identified is the quark. The discovers that we will make in the future after identifying even smaller particles will more than likely prove our current thoughts wrong. This thought process is in danger of being proved wrong. Scientist are working on something called the string theory that will explain time and other unknowns. In conclusion the current quantum mechanic model has few inaccuracies and the general physics are correct. The electron cloud isn’t illustrated by red ovals like it used to be and the separate energy levels are visible. 00 years of testing and experiments have gone into the model and that makes it very accurate.